THE INTERNET of Things is currently on the rise and with the expansion of digitisation, the separation between physical security and network security is no longer as clear-cut.

Intrusion detection, access control, video surveillance and other physical security technologies operated primarily on analogue infrastructure, while networks, servers, computers, tablet and smartphones operated separately on IP-based infrastructure. The introduction of IP-based infrastructure has changed this and has revolutionised physical security by delivering the benefits of high-capacity, low-latency performance efficiencies and operational cost-effectiveness.

Now, nearly every security camera or sensor technology sold today operates on an Ethernet-based wired or wireless network which means that physical security solutions, like video surveillance systems, are prone to to the same types of attacks and exploitations that have inundated data networks for decades. So, how do organisations secure their physical security network, to ensure that the very infrastructure that is meant to be protecting business assets isn’t used against them? It starts with treating the physical security infrastructure and devices in the same manner as network infrastructure and devices. Therefore, protecting everything, right down to switch level.

Analogue vs IP: what’s better?

Cameras on a modern analogue CCTV system send their video footage in base band format over cabling back to a digital video recorder (DVR) where it is digitised and stored on hard drives. On the other hand, IP cameras broadcast their video as a digital stream over an IP network, and because the video is an IP stream straight from the camera, the DVR is replaced by a Network Video Recorder which determines how and where footage is stored. The analogue system is traditionally more secure given that it is usually physically separated from other network components, but the benefits that can be gained from making use of an IP-based system mean that the risks thereof need to be properly considered and mitigated.

A single IP device is all it takes

Considering how important a CCTV surveillance system is in protecting everything, from private medical research facilities, to military bases and power generation facilities, the protection of the physical security solution itself has become a concern. Whereas analogue physical security implementations benefited from a certain degree of protection simply by not being connected to other systems, an IP-based CCTV system generally uses the same network infrastructure as the rest of the company. This means that an attacker no longer needs direct, on-site access to equipment or infrastructure in order to take the system offline, monitor video footage without authorization, steal or destroy recordings, or modify content. In fact, a single device is all it takes, as an attacker only needs access to one IP-based device (like an IP camera) to potentially gain access to the company’s entire network and digital assets.

Protecting the physical security network

The typical CCTV deployment connects servers and management consoles to IP-enabled cameras and digital network video recorders (NVRS). Because these systems also need to interact with broader security measures, such as access control systems, alarms and security incident management software - each of these connections is thus a vulnerability.

So how can businesses protect their IP-based CCTV systems from intruders given the ever-expanding nature of the Internet of Things? There are a number of common-sense methods that bear repetition. An IP-based surveillance system needs network protection and it is advisable to use a dedicated network for clients and servers and to separate surveillance from these networks in addition to establishing a secure perimeter with a strong firewall.

There are also specific network access control solutions that have been created to help protect IP devices like cameras against the threat of viruses and other malicious software, sealing hardware and software devices off from outside attacks and isolating them from the corporate network should they become infected. To tighten up any perimeter weakness, organisations should use port protection to set up switches within their networks and restrict user access to certain parts of the network. These are available as pre-staged servers that are available as pre-configured 8-port or 24-port switches that make for an easy setup. By placing protection at a port level, it becomes possible to add switches and quickly allow or block devices. These protective appliances usually have display panels that provide information on the network, such as the device IP and MAC addresses, port number the devices are connected to on the switch and authentication status. In the event of an unauthenticated device, an alarm will be triggered in the Video Management System, even if the appliance is turned off. These alarms provide information about the detected device and its connected network port, allowing the security operator to take immediate informed action. By placing intelligent security at switch level, it is possible to effectively cover the vulnerabilities presented by the IoT in that it is now possible to protect a company’s network from an unknown device gaining unauthorised access, automatically. If an unknown device attempts to log on to a network, it is blocked from the rest of the network, quarantined and reported, before the intruder has a chance to do any harm.

IP-based technology has transformed video surveillance into a powerful, cost-effective security measure that increases the reach, flexibility and usefulness of this security measure. While it can be challenging to protect its infrastructure against network-based exploitation, mercifully the tools, measures, and operational processes that make it possible already exist. While there is no silver bullet or magical combination of technologies that will prevent every cyber-attack from taking place, with a carefully-planned security strategy that takes care of the details, right down to switch level, it becomes a lot easier to identify, understand, monitor and contain any potential vulnerabilities. In short, it’s important for businesses to remember that an IP-camera, just like any IP-device, is no longer just a product or a device – it is a vulnerability and it is time to start treating everything on the physical security network in the the same vein.

By Laurence Smith, Executive at Graphic Image Technologies